FLUID MECHANICS

PELTON IMPULSE TURBINE

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

For Flow-rate No. 1

Replication Number	Elapsed Time in Seconds	Volume in L		Flowrate in cubic meters per second
	s	L	m3	m3/s
1	39.22	25	0.0250	0.00063743
2	37.67	25	0.0250	0.000663658

Table 1 Flow rate measurement for the trial 1

Trial Number	Scale Reading	Angular speed	Angular speed	Mass	Lever arm	T	P
	(degrees)	(rev/min)	(rad/s)	(kg)	(m)	(N-m)	(Watt)
1	0	2185	228.8423	0	0.1	0.0000	0.0000
2	2	2138	223.9199	0.008	0.1	0.0078	1.7573
3	5	2075	217.3217	0.02	0.1	0.0196	4.2639
4	7.5	2036	213.2371	0.032	0.1	0.0314	6.6939
5	13.5	1977	207.0578	0.056	0.1	0.0549	11.3749
6	18	1935	202.6590	0.075	0.1	0.0736	14.9106
7	21.5	1855	194.2803	0.09	0.1	0.0883	17.1530
8	26.5	1773	185.6922	0.12	0.1	0.1177	21.8597
9	31	1629	170.6106	0.152	0.1	0.1491	25.4401

Table 2 Measurement of the turbine characteristics like torque and power for the trial 1

For Flow-rate No. 2

Replication Number	Elapsed Time in Seconds	Volume in L		Flowrate in cubic meters per second
	s	L	m3	m3/s
1	42.09	25	0.0250	0.000593965
2	43.68	25	0.0250	0.000572344

Table 3 Flow rate measurement for the trial 2

Trial Number	Scale Reading	Angular speed	Angular speed	Mass	Lever arm	T	P
	(degrees)	(rev/min)	(rad/s)	(kg)	(m)	(N-m)	(Watt)
1	0	960	100.5440	0	0.1	0.0000	0.0000
2	2	935	97.9257	0.008	0.1	0.0078	0.7685
3	6	894	93.6316	0.024	0.1	0.0235	2.2045
4	8.5	878	91.9559	0.036	0.1	0.0353	3.2475
5	11.5	861	90.1754	0.048	0.1	0.0471	4.2462
6	16.5	833	87.2429	0.068	0.1	0.0667	5.8198
7	20	804	84.2056	0.084	0.1	0.0824	6.9389
8	24.5	759	79.4926	0.108	0.1	0.1059	8.4221
9	27	724	75.8269	0.124	0.1	0.1216	9.2239
10	34	557	58.3365	0.168	0.1	0.1648	9.6143

Table 4 Measurement of the turbine characteristics like torque and power for the trial 2

Fig.1 Plot Torque (N-m) Vs Angular speed (Rev./min) for the trial 1

Fig.2 Plot Power (W) Vs Angular speed (Rev./min) for the trial 1

Fig.3 Plot Torque (N-m) Vs Angular speed (Rev./min) for the trial 2

Fig.4 Plot Power (W) Vs Angular speed (Rev./min) for the trial 2

Flowrate No. 1
	Q	Power	Anugular velocity
	m3/s	W	rad/sec
	0.000637	52.519	6.4884
	0.000664	57.065	6.763

Flowrate No. 2
	Q	Power	Anugular velocity
	m3/s	W	rad/sec
	0.000594	45.66	6.05
	0.000572	42.34	5.8263

Table 5 Maximum power and angular speed from flow rates for the trail 1 and 2

The potential sources of error are:-
Systematic error:- in this calibration of the instrument may not be done properly.
Human Error:- While taking reading, if we add or remove masses this is always associated.

CONCLUSION

For trial 1, the maximum and minimum angular speed 2185 rev/min and 1629 rev/min respectively. For trial 1, the maximum and minimum torque 0 N-m and 0.1491N-m respectively. For trial 1, the maximum and minimum mass was 0 Kg and 0.152kg. The maximum and minimum power was 0W and 25.4401 W. For trial 2, the maximum and minimum angular speed 960rev/min and 557rev/min respectively. For trial 2, the maximum and minimum torque 0 N-m and 0.1648N-m respectively. For trial 2, the maximum and minimum mass was 0 Kg and 0.168kg. The maximum and minimum power was 0W and 9.6143 W. The above data for trial 1 and trial 2 is given in the table 2 and 4. Furthermore, whenever increase the scale reading the angular speed will decrease and the test will increase for mass, torque and power.

REFERENCES

Engineering Fluid Mechanices by John Wiley and Sons,11 Edition.
Pelton Wheel Water Turbine, Ron Amberger’s